Firearm



C. J. JOLIDON. FIREARM. APPLICATIONJIL-ED JULY 16,1917- RENEWED 0123,1920. I

1,382, 1 97 Patented June 21, 1921.

4 2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

9 Fig. 4

/3 F/ AZ.

. 50 fnyflfcik I f'furneg sas CHARLES J. JOLIDON,

OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT;

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters .Patent.

Application filed July 16, 1917, Serial No. 180,705. Renewed November 23, 1920. Serial No. 426,167.

To all whom'z't may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES J. J oLmoN, a citizen of the United States residing at Hartford, in the county of I Iartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to firearms. A fireai-m involving the invention can be used in a variety of different ways; for illustration'as a pistol, although as may be inferred the invention] is not restricted in this particular. One of the primary purposes that I have in view is the radical simplification of a firearm which I accomplish by the elimination of a number of parts now essential to the proper action'thereof. v

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification I show in detail one of th several convenient forms of embodiment of the invention which to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same will be set forth fully'in the following description. I do not, as will be clear, restrict myself to this disclosure; I may depart therefrom materially in many respects within the scope of the invention defined by the claims following said description.

Referring to. said drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of practically the maj or portion of a firearm involving the I invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional side View of the same, showing the parts in their forward or firing position.

Fig. 3 is a like view withthe parts in their retracted positions.

Fig, 4: is a front elevation. I

Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sections on the line 56 of F 2, looking in the direction of the arrow, and with the parts in positions corresponding relatively to F igs. 2 and 3. 3

Figs. 7 and 8 are horizontal sections on the line '?-S of F ig.'3, looking in the. direction of the arrow applied to said line and with th parts in positions corresponding respectively to Figs. 2 and 3.

Figs. 9 and 10 are cross sections on the line 910 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow and with the sitions.

Figs. 11 and 12 are horizontal sections on the line 1l12 of, Fig. 10, looking in the direction of the arrow touching said line and 'th the parts in positions corresponding res ectively with Figs. 9 and 10. i

F 18 is a cross section on the line 1313 7 throughout be apparent are on slightly different scales.-

I blVG I have in view barrel for that matter.

parts in different pol5-l5 of Fig. 11, looking in the'direction of Elie arrow, showing the breechslide in posiion. I

F igllfi is a breech-slide being shown as introduced and asimeeting the V sliding. onto the-frame from'the front.

ike characters "refer to like parts the several. views, which On the'recoil of the barrel with the breechbol't, the barrel has an independent movement given to it, during which it isiunlocked from the its retractive movement, although the breech-bolt continues its recoil until the breech is fully opened. During thisopening of the breech-bolt, energy .is stored in a spring, the reactionof which is utilized to effect the return of the breech-bolt, and as an incident the return of the barrel 'both to primary or firing relations. Among the fundamental objects Ihave in vi vision of means of anexceedingly'simple nature by which the barrel can have the necessary limited retractive or rearward movement with thebreech-bolt and return said' line but without the abutment which prevents its it will breech-bolt and arrested in ew are the p-ro- Pate ted J1me 21,1921. 1

practically similar View, show: 7

practically similar view, the I mg the final-part of the forward or advance movement-of the breech-bolt. Another nois the association ofthe breech-slide or bolt-carrier as it is variously known, with the frame in such manner.

as to interfere in no wise with the requisite motion of the breech-slide or The invention is, therefore. for the purpose of showing its bolt-carrier or V utility and simplicity, incorporated in an;

automatic pistol which in certain respects resembles a piece now in every-day use. As will be understood, however, the invention 18 not limited in'this particular arm, for some and all vof itisfeatures may be embodied-in an entirely different type of arm. I V

The pistol shown involves in its organization, three principal elements such. as a frame as 2, a barrel as 3 and a breech-slide or boltcarrier as 4:. .ThisAbreech-slide or bolt-carrier 4: is slidable vrearwardly. and forwardly upon the frame 2 under the action for instance of the recoil and of the reactionto provide as I will breech-bolt magazine in which cartridges are superimposed upon a spring-follower, by which they are advanced into the receiver in the frame and In the rear ofthe grip is the hammer other elements of the firing and safety mechanisms, while the trigger 7 is within the trigger-guard 8. v The parts already described are, except as hereinafter set forth, practically the same in construction and mode of operation as corresponding elements found in an old pistol to which allusion has already been made. The exceptions, as will beunderstood, are'strilring. e

The frame has at the front a semi-circular extension 9, the upper edge 10 ofwhi'ch isas shown, horizontal and is'below the horizontal upper portion of the body 11 of the frame. The upper portion of the body 11 has the lateral transversely alined longitudinallyextending which are as shown in the plane of the upper edge of the side portions of the semitubular extension 9. It is proper to refer at this point to the fact that the breech-slide or bolt-carrier is not assembled upon the frame by a sliding motion from the front. This in fact is one of the several important and striking differences between the present firearm and what is old. in fact I prefer hereinafter point out,

means of a positive nature, to prevent the breech-slideor its equivalent from being slid onto the frame from the front of 'the latter. The upstanding portion of the body 11 is perpendicularly slotted as at 13, the ends of the slot being open. The upperopen end of this slot is coincident with the upper surface of the body 11, the lower end of the slot as will be understood cutting one of the grooves or channels 12 orthat at the left in Figs. 9 and 10 or uppermost in Figs. 11 and 12. I might note at thistime that the purpose of this slot 13"'s-to receive a tongue or projection on the breech-slide or bolt-carrier 4 to provide for the proper assembly of these two parts. I

-A's-is usualin arms of this general type, the rear part of thebreech-slide forms the and forward of this thebrcechslide extends in the form of a partial tube as 14-. At the forward end. is provided with a smaller and pendent tube 15, which extends rearwardly a' comparatively short distance, its axis being parallel with the axis of the breech-slide. The breech-slide back of this tubular portion 15 embraces and slides on the frame 2, the rear end of the pendent tubular portion 15 as will be clear on backward movement under recoil, striking the front end of the main portion 11 of theframe-Q tothus limit the recoil. This particular point, however, does not congrooves 12, the lower walls of frame 2.

the breech-slide cern the invention. One of the features of the invention as will be inferred, is the way in which the breech-slide 4: is assembled with the frame 2. l have already alluded to the fact that the body 11 has lateral channels or grooves 12 andthat one of these grooves is intersected by a'slotas 13 open on its opposite ends. The side walls of the semi-tubular main portion of the breech-slide have cooperating grooves or channels 16, the lower edge of said main portion being beveled off for facility of assemblage as shown at '17. The grooving of the breech-slide at 16 produces the transversely 'alined ribs 18, one of these ribs or the one on the left in Figs. 9 and lOand uppermost in Figs. 11 and 12 being at its rear portion removed except for a projection or tongue 19. r in assembling the rib 18' on'the right in Figs. 9 and 10 which is the one on the right looking toward the front of the piece, is introduced into the corresponding groove 12 as shown in Fig. 9, while the breech-slide 4 is tipped, the projection or tongue 19 at this time being above and in register with the slot 13. At this time it will be clear that the left portion of the breech-slide a can be tipped down to carry the tongue or projection 19 through the slot or opening 13 or until the rib 18 on the left registers with or enters the corresponding groove 12. This will seat the breechslide 4 substantially upon the body 2, and it will, therefore be clear that thebreech-slide can be moved backward or forward under recoil or reaction. To remove the breechslic e, it will be necessary to so manipulate it as to bring the projection 19 in register or coincidence W-lJll the slot 13 when the breechslide can be tipped from off the frame in a direction opposite or reverseto that already described. When the breech-slide, however, is connected with the frame, it is free to move.'baelrwardand forward during recoil and subsequent firing or otherwise, although it becomes a simple matter to dlsmount the parts. it will, of course, be understood. that during firing and recoil the breech-slide 4 has firm and substantial bearing upon the I provide means ofa positive nature to prevent the breech-block or bolt carrier 4 being slid-upon the frame 8 from the front of the frame either alone or with the barrel, and in this particular differ radically from an arm with which l am familiar. As will be clear the means in question may vary decidedly, although that shown for the purpose meets my conditions in a satisfactory manner and will now be described. Intersect-ing one of the grooves 12 or that at the left in Figs. 9 and 10 and uppermost in Figs. 11 and 12 and as shown in Figs. 13, 14:, 15 and'16 and best in Fig. 18, is a depthwiseextending bore or hole 50, the upper open side of which is flush with the top surface of the frame 2 or body 11 thereof. This bore is situated near the front of the frame as Shown for instance in Figs. 11 and 12; The bore or hole receives the plunger or stop 51 backed'up by the spring 52 bottoming in the bore or cavity 50 and is limited in its movements by the pin 53, the spring tending constantly to advance the plunger. The pin 53 enters a channel or groove 54 cut in the adjacent and front side of the plunger 51, the lower wall of the groove or channel when the plunger is in its elevated position as shown for instance in Figs. '15 and 16 hearing against the'pin 53. The plunger 51 at its upper end has angular faces which converge, the result being that the breechblock 4 can be tipped on from the side as already described. The lower portion; of

the breecl1sl'ide has in it a slot 56, the side;

walls 57 of which converge upwardly and these an ular walls 57 on either forward or backward movement of the breech-slide'pen; mit the necessarycompletion of the movement. Should the breech-slide be slid into the frame from the front it can move but an exceedingly slight distance or until the rear end of the breech-slide encounters the front of the plunger, stop or abutment 51 just above the groove 54, this part of the stop or abutment being straight, so that it becomes absolutely impossible to slide the breechblock onto the frame from the front. The breech-block during its normal recoil and return of course keeps the stop or detent 51 wholly within the lower portion of the socket or opening 50 as shown by Fig. 14.

V7 hen the breech-slide is in its forward position as shown for instanceby Figs. 1 and 2, it receives within its front end the bushing'20. This bushing as will be clear, does not recede or retract with the breech-slide i or the barrel 2, being normally fixed, al-

though capable of removal. It comparatively closely fits within the upper front portion of the breech-slide, however, when the latter is in its forward'position. Said bushing is equipped with a pendent abutment 21 which when the breech-slide 'in is said advanced-position is disposed within thetubular extension, 15 of the breech-slide and to which I have already referred' Extending rearwardly from the abutment 21 is the pin or rod 22 which lies in the channel 23 inthe forward portion of the frame 2,

the rear portion of the pin fitting the socket 24 in said body 11 as shown best in Fig.2. Although it is not imperative that 'any means be provided for holding'the pin 22 and necessarily the abutment 21 and bushing 20 in assembled relation, I prefer to' provide for this purposea key 25 which extends through a perforation 26 in the frame 2 and which lies in a groove 27 in the rear under portion of said pin 22 as shown in Figs. 1,-2and 3. By removing the key 25,

of the channel being, of course, open to re celve for shdmg movement the tube :15 of the breech-slide as shown best by Fig. 2.

The barrel 31s glven after firing first a recoil movement, and then a return movement, the former being accomplished by.

the expansive power and the latter'by the inafter appear. the barrel moves rearwardly with the breech-slide 4 for a certain or limited dis tance. During this particular rearward movement of the barrel, it is turned or rotated, and at the conclusion of this compound movement, it is automatically released from the breech-slide, so that the breech-slide can ment. \Vhen the recoil spring 28 as will here of the breech-slide is concluded, the breech-slide will be advanced, nd after it has moved forward a certain dlstance, 1t will carry the barrelforwardly therewith, and during this latter advance of the barrel, the barrel is given a return turning or rotary movement to restore it to its primary or firing position. For see curing the necessary rotary movement of the of the gases on firing As I have already noted complete its recoil movebarrel 3, I prefer to provide as will herein- 7 after appear, means on the normally fixed bushmg 20 cooperative with the barrel. This means may vary. decidedly. As a matter of fact I am not restricted to the use of any particular means in any particular place for securing the requisite'rotary movement of the barrel, although when located at the place indicated proper tained. In the bushing 20 and as shown diametrically opposite or horizontally dined with each grooves 31, both open at their ends. These posite, situated near the other :are the companion spiral 2 results can be 'obbarrel 3. When, therefore, the breech-slide I 4 is operated under recoil, it carries the barreltherewith and owing to the association of thespiral projections or ribs 32 with. the spiral grooves or-channels 31,-the barrel is given a turning movement sufiicientto unlock it from the breech-slide, so that the breech-slide can continue its retractive movement 'freeof the barrel. On the forward motion of the breech-slide and after it; has

traveled a certain distance, it engages the butt portion of the barrel and advances" the spective pairs being sixty degrees apart and being near the forward and of the thickened portion of th Ins.

latter. On the forward movement oi": the barrel with the breech-slide, the barrel is necessarily given a return rotary movement as it moves in a forward longitudinal direction, the motion continuing until both the breech-slide the barrel reach their ini-. tial positions as shown for example Figs. 1 and 2. lhis turning; of the barrel on its backward and forward movements is a very important point of the invention. lt is eX- ceedingly simple. r

The rear portion 33 of the barrel is of greater diameter than the forward portion, although as will be clear the bore of the bar rel is of uniform diameter throughout its length as .is usual. This thickening of the rear portion oi"? the barrel is in itself not uncommon, and gives to the barrel at the breech or rear, the requisite rigidity and strength.

()n the thickened portion of the barrel are two pairs of .l'u s at the lu s of the rea 7 L a situated practically barrel. In the breech-slide and practically near the middle partthereot are the transverse grooves '35. -When the parts are in firin position as shown for instance in Figs. 1 and 2, the two pairs of lugs 3d will be in the transverse grooves 35. its a result on the recoil of the breech-slide' i, the barrel 3 will move with the breech-slido, the barrel, however, on such recoil movement or" the breech-slide turning as I have already pointed out, so that the two pairs of lugs S lwill traverse the transverse grooves 35. Opening into the transverse grooves are the lon gitudinal anl forwardly extending channels 36 whi h are in parallelism. lhese grooves 36 are spaced a distance apart agreeing with the distance between the two pairs of lugs 34. As the barrel 3 moves rearwardly with the breech-slide. it will be understood that it is turned as l have already set forth, the turning continuing until the forward one of the respective pairs of lugs 3 is in register with or opposite the rear end of its channel 36. When this takes-place the breech will thus be automatically unlocked from the barrel, so that the breech-slide can continue to recoil and during the continuation of the recoil, the pairs of lugs 34; traverse the parallel grooves ltwill be supposed that the recoil has been completed and that the breech-slide d is being returned by the spring" 28 as Wlll hereinafter appear. @n'

the torward movement of the breech-slide l the pairs of lugs 84 will relatively travel backward in the parallel channels 36 and until the lugs are out of said channels and opposite the transverse grooves 35. As the breech-slide continues its forward movement thebarrel is glven a return turning movement by reason of its described connection will travel alongthe transverse grooves 35 as the barrel turned. 'Owing' to this the I v i J1 earl el is locked to and returns with the breech-slide when the breech-slide has prao tically concluded. its forward movement. Un firing, the breech-slide at and barrel 3 are reooiled by the gases, and a consequence the spring 28 is compressed as shown for example 111 l 1g. 3, the result being that there is suiiicient power stored in the spring to return the breech-slide and then the barrel to firing positions. 1 i

I in the body 11 otthe ire-me is cut a seat 237 shown as rectangular and which receives a key 38011 the barrel, the front and rear walls of this seat orpoclret 37 acting; as stops to arrest the barrel w ion in the forward and backward positions. The front wall of the seat or cavity 3? is slotted out as at 39 and by turning the barrel 3 the projection or key 38 can be brought into register with the slot 39 so as to. move the key through the slot in the direction indicated by the arrow 60 inl ig. 8 when 1t is desired to take out the barrel.

ready set forth, the projection 38 moves in.

a direction corresponding practically to the arrow 61, the result being that when the barrel completes its rearward movement, the key will be against the rear wallof: the seat and dia 'ona ly opposite its first position. On torwa d movement of the barrel the key is revolved and advanced with a compound movement in the direction indicated by the arrow 62 in Fig. 8, so that when it reaches its primary position, it abuts against the uncut portion of the forward wall of the seat of pocket which position it is shown as occupying in said Fig.

I have described hereinbefore how the breech-slide can be removed by bringing the projection 19 in register or coincidence with the slot 13. lt is also clear that although said breech-slide cannot be slid onto the frame from the front of the latter, it can be slid from oil the frame. In view of this situation the breech-slide can only be applied to the'frame in one way, but it can be taken from the breech-slide in either of two ways.

l-What I claim is:

1. A firearm comprising a retractable and advanceable breech-block, a barrel cooperative with the breechblock, means for effecting the movement of the barrel with the breech-block on 'retractive and advancing movements thereof, a bushing fixed with respect to the breech-block and provided with the breech-block, means for effecting the.

movement of the barrel with the breech-block on retractive and advancing movements thereof," a bushing fixed with respect to the breech-block and receiving the barrel, the bushing having opposite spiral grooves and the barrel being equipped with opposite spiral projections fitting the grooves to turn the barrel on retractingand advancing move ments of the breech-block to successively release and lock the barrel to the breechbloclr, a pin extending rearwardly from'the bushing, and a spring surrounding the pin, the spring being compressed by the breechblock on the retractive movement thereofand by reactlon operating against the breech bloclrto advance the same. v

3. A firearm comprising a frame, a retractable and advanceable breech block on said frame, a barrel cooperative with the breech block, means for effecting the movement of the barrel with the breech block on retractive and advancing movements thereof, a rod detachably connected with the frame, and means associated with said rod for turning said barrel at predeteriined points in said retractive and advanc ing movements to first release it from and then unite it with said breech block 4. A firearm comprising a retractable and advanceable breech block, a barrel co6pera tive with the breech block, means or eflt'ecting the movement of the barrel with the breech block on retracting and advancing movements thereof, abushing fixed with re spect to the breech block, and provided with means cooperative with the barrel for turning the same at predetermined points in said retracting and advancing movements to first release the barrelfrom and then unite it with the breech bloclr, a pin, the bushing having an abutment to which said pin is connected and extends rearwardly, and a coiled spring surrounding the rear portion of the pin, the breech block having a tubular extension to receive and be engaged by the spring, the springbeing compressed on the rearward movement of the breech block and by reaction acting to advance the breech block.

5. A firearm comprising a retractable and advanceable breech block, a barrel co6perative with the breech block, means for effectthe spring engaging the frame of the fireing the movement of the barrel with the breech block on retractlve and advancing movements thereoi, a bushlng provided with rearwardly extending pin, the breech block having a tubular extension through which said pin extends, a coiled spring around the pin, the extension having a part engageable bv one end ofthe spring, the other end of arm, the spring on retractive movement of the breech block being compressed and by react'ion'serving to return thebreech block to its advanced position, the bushing being thus fixed with respect to the breech block and being provided with means to turn the barrel at predetermined points'in the retracting and advancing movements of the breech block to first release it from and then unite it with the breech block.

6;, In a firearm a retractable and advance,

able breech block, a barrel cooperative with the breech block, means for "efiecting' the movement of the barrel wiu1 the breech block on 'retractive" andadvancing movements thereof, a stationary bushingreceiving the forward end of the'barrel, the 'bushmg having opposite vspiral grooves and the 7 barrel being equipped withopposite spiral projections fitting the grooves "to turn the 7 barrel on retracting and advancing movements of the breech block to successivelyrelease and lock the barrel to the breech block,

the breech block having-a tubular extension and the bushing having an abutment, a pin fixed to the abutment and extending through aid tubular extension, and a coiled spring surroundingthe pin bearing at its rear 7 against the frame of the firearm, the tubular extension having a part engaged by the forward end of the spring. 1

'7. Afirearmcomprising a retractable and 'advanceable breech block, a barrel coopera-' tive with the breech block, means for effecting the movement of the barrel wlththe breech block on, retracting and advancing movements thereof, a stationary bushing provided with means for turning the barrel at predetermined points in said retractive and advancing movements to first release, it from and then unite, it with the breech block, a pin' rigid with and extending rearwardly from the bushing, the breech block having a tub ular extension to receive the pin, and a coiled spring surrounding the pin and bearing respectively against said tubular extension *and the frame of the firearm,

8.. Arfirearm comprising a retractable and advanceable breech block, a barrel cooperative fwith the breech'block, means for effect ing the movement of the barrel with" the breech block on retractive and advancing movements thereof, a stat onary bushing receivingcthe barrel and providedwith means for turning the-barrel at predetermined points in said retractive and advancing movements to first release the barrel from frame and a breech-block, thebreech-block beingtippable onto the frame from the side, thereof to connect it therewith, and means the breech-block for positively preventing from the front being slid onto the frame thereof. 7

10. A firearm comprising a frame, a breech-block tippable onto the frame from the side thereof and slidable thereon when in assembled relation therewith, the frame being provided with a detent to prevent the breech-block being slid'onto the frame from the front.

11'. A firearm comprising a frame, a breech-block tippable onto the frame from the side thereof and slidable thereon when in assembled relation therewith, the frame being provided with a detent to prevent the breech-block being'slid onto the frame from the front, and permitting the withdrawal of the breech-block from the front of the frame. 7 12. The combination of a frame, a breechblock movable on'the frame, a barrel movable with the breech-block, the frame having a rectangular cavity and the barrel having a rectangular projection at itsrear end portion to enter the cavity and to limit the movementof the barrel, the cavity having an opening for the passage of the projection to thereby permitdismounting of the barrel when desired.

13. A firearm comprising a frame, a retractable and advanceable breech block on said frame, a barrel cooperative with 'the breech block, means for effecting the movement of the barrel with the breech block on retractive and advancing movements thereof, a rod detachably connected with the frame,

means connected with said rod for turning said barrel at predetermined points in said retractive and advancing movements to first release it from and then unite it with said breech block,;and a-spring supported below the barrel and compressible by the breech block on the "retractive movement thereof and reactively operating against the breech block to advance the same.

14. A firearm comprising a frame, a retractable and advanceable breech block on said frame, a barrel cooperative with the breech block, means for effecting the movement of the barrel with the breech block on retractive and advancing movements thereof, a rod detachably connected with the frame, a member connected with the rod and operatively associated with the barrel, one of the two mentioned last parts having spiral projeeting means, and the other being spirally groovedto receive said projecting means to thereby turn the barrel at predetermined points in said retractive and advancing movements, to first release it from and then unite it with said breech block, and spring means conditioned by the breech block on the retractive movement thereof, to advance said breech block.

15. A firearm comprising a frame, a retractable and advanceable breech block on said frame, a barrel cooperative with the breech block, means for effecting the movemontof the barrel with the breech block on retractive and advancing movements thereof, an element detachably connected with the frame, receiving the-front end of the barrel and provided with means for turning said barrel at predetermined points in said retracting and advancing movements, to first release it IIOIIl and then unite it with said breech block, a rod extending from said elementandhavinga rigid connection with the frame, and a spring around the 'rod and compressible by the breech block on the retractive movement thereof and reactively operating against the breech block to advance the same.

7 16. In a firearm, the combination of a frame and a breech block, the frame having lateral transversely alined, longitudinally extending grooves, and the breech block having transversely alined ribs to fit and slide in said grooves,- a spring plunger on the frame, toextend across one of the grooves of the frame and positively prevent the application of the breech block from the front of the frame, the breech block being cut away through one of its ribs to permit its regis tration with the plunger and thus being tipped onto the frame from the side thereof.

17, In a firearm, the combination of a frame and a breech block, the frame having lateral transversely alined, longitudinally extending grooves, and the breech block having transversely alined ribs to fit and slide in said grooves, a spring plunger on the frame, to extend across one of the grooves of the frame and. positively prevent the application of the breech block from the front of the frame, the breech block being cut away through one of its ribs to permit its registrationwith the plunger and thus being tipped onto the frame from the side thereof, the free end of the plungerbeing beveled on the rear side to thus permit the breech block being slid from the frame by way of the front thereof.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES J. J OLIDON. 

